New York:
Your smartphone may soon be able to give honest answers to your queries, thanks to a new machine learning algorithm designed to learn directly from human instructions, rather than an existing set of examples.
The algorithm designed by researchers from University of Toronto in Canada outperformed its own training by nine percent. It learned to recognise hair in pictures with greater reliability than that enabled by the training, marking a significant leap forward for artificial intelligence.
Researchers Parham Aarabi and Wenzhi Guo from University of Toronto trained their algorithm to identify people's hair in photographs - a much more challenging task for computers than it is for humans.
"Our algorithm learned to correctly classify difficult, borderline cases - distinguishing the texture of hair versus the texture of the background," said Aarabi. "What we saw was like a teacher instructing a child, and the child learning beyond what the teacher taught her initially," he said.
Humans "teach" neural networks - computer networks that learn dynamically - by providing a set of labelled data and asking the neural network to make decisions based on the samples it is seen. For example, you could train a neural network to identify sky in a photograph by showing it hundreds of pictures with the sky labelled. This algorithm is different: it learns directly from human trainers.
With this model, called heuristic training,humans provide direct instructions that are used topre-classify training samples rather than a set of fixed examples.
Trainers programme the algorithm with guidelines such as "sky is likely to be varying shades of blue," and "pixels near the top of the image are more likely to be sky than pixels at the bottom." This heuristic training approach holds considerable promise for addressing one of the biggest challenges forneural networks: making correct classifications of previouslyunknown or unlabelled data. This is crucial for applying machine learning to newsituations, such as correctly identifying cancerous tissuesfor medical diagnostics, or classifying all the objectssurrounding and approaching a self-driving car.
"Applying heuristic training to hair segmentation is just a start," said Guo. "We are keen to apply our method to other fields and arange of applications, from medicine to transportation," Guo added. The study was published in the journal IEEE Transactionson Neural Networks and Learning Systems.
